Drilling-fluid (also known as drilling mud)is the fluid that is pumped into a well during drilling through a drill pipe, exiting at the drill bit, up the annular space in the wellbore, and back to the surface. Drilling fluids serve many functions such as controlling formation pressure, removing cuttings from wellbore, sealing permeable formations, cooling & lubricating the bit,transmitting hydraulic energy to downhole tools and drill bit and maintaining wellbore stability.
Advances in drilling fluid technology have made it possible to implement cost-effective, fit-for-purpose systems for each interval in the well-construction process. Three key factors that determine the type of fluid selected for a specific well are the cost, technical performance, and environmental impact.